A safe-haven asset is an investment that tends to hold or gain value during market stress, when investors move money out of riskier holdings. Gold, the US dollar, and government bonds are common examples.
Demand for safe havens rises when uncertainty climbs, such as during recessions, geopolitical shocks, or sharp equity sell-offs. Because many investors seek the same shelter at once, these assets often rise just as stocks fall, which is why they are used to cushion a portfolio.
The opposite is a risk asset, such as equities, high-yield bonds, or many commodities, which usually performs best when growth is strong and confidence is high. Risk assets offer higher potential returns but fall hardest when sentiment turns, the mirror image of a safe haven.
You hold a portfolio of shares and worry that a market downturn is coming, so you add gold as a safe-haven asset.
If equities drop 10 percent during a sell-off while gold rises 5 percent, the gold position offsets part of the loss: +5% on gold against -10% on shares
These figures are illustrative.