Cash flow is the net movement of cash and cash equivalents into and out of a business, project, or account over a set period. Positive cash flow means more cash comes in than goes out; negative cash flow means the opposite.
Cash flow is usually split into three types. Operating cash flow comes from core business activity, investing cash flow comes from buying or selling assets, and financing cash flow comes from borrowing, debt repayment, or shareholder funding.
Cash flow is not the same as accounting profit. Profit can include non-cash items such as depreciation and revenue billed but not yet paid, while cash flow tracks only money that actually moves. A company can report a profit and still run short of cash if too much is tied up in receivables or stock.
A company receives USD 100,000 in customer payments during one month. In the same month it pays USD 70,000 for wages, rent, suppliers, and other costs.
Its cash flow for the month is positive:
USD 100,000 - USD 70,000 = USD 30,000
That means USD 30,000 more cash entered the business than left it during the month.